Since the early 1980s, once Old Havana was declared World Heritage Site by Unesco, architects and restorers began a restoration project. The Most Beautiful Square in Havana This square is the best restored of all squares in Havana at this time. The original Carrara marble fountain surrounded by four dolphins was demolished in the 1930s when President Gerardo Machado (1871-1939) built an underground parking lot here. In 1851 members of the defeated filibustering Lopez Expedition were executed in the square. Many locals will refer to Old Havana (La Habana Vieja) as, simply, Havana. Old Havana is a relatively small neighborhood you can walk from one end to the other in about 25 minutes when compared to others in the city.
The square has also been identified by other names such as Plaza Real, Mayor, Mercado, Fernando VII, Plaza of the Constitution, Park Juan Bruno Zayas and Park Julian Grimau. Old Havana is merely one neighborhood in the city of Havana, which is quite an expansive city composed of over 15 municipalities. In 1814 with the birth of the Mercado Nuevo (new market) in the Plaza del Cristo, the Old Square was renamed to differentiate it. In the eighteenth century the square was turned into a popular market, and was called Plaza del Mercado (Market Square) as Havana's commercial hub.
It was built as a popular alternative to Plaza de Armas, the military and government main center, the name changed when another important square emerged in town, the Plaza del Santo Cristo. The plaza emerged in 1559 and was originally called Plaza Nueva (New Square).
The plaza during British occupation in 1762 by Dominic Serres
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